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1. Types of CNC tools
Commonly used CNC milling tools are divided into three types according to their shapes: flat-bottomed cutters, round nose cutters and ball cutters.
(1) Flat-bottomed knife
Flat-bottomed knives are also called flat knives or end mills, with a main cutting edge around and a secondary cutting edge at the bottom. It can be used for roughing and clearing corners, finishing side planes and horizontal planes. Commonly used are ED20, ED19.05 (3/4 inch), ED16, ED15.875 (5/8 inch), ED12, ED10, ED8, ED6, ED4, ED3, ED2, ED1.5, ED1, ED0.8 And ED0.5 and so on. E is the first letter of EndMill; D represents the diameter of the cutting edge.
Under normal circumstances, try to choose a knife with a larger diameter when opening thick, and as short as possible when installing the knife to ensure sufficient rigidity and avoid snapping the knife. When choosing a knife, it is necessary to determine the shortest blade length and the length of the straight part in combination with the processed area, and choose the most suitable knife available in our company.
If the side with a slope is called a slope knife, you can finish the slope.
(2) Round nose knife
The round nose knife is also called the flat-bottomed R knife, which can be used for roughing, flat smooth knife and curved surface smooth knife. Generally, the corner radius is R0.1～R8. Generally, there are monolithic and insert-grain type knife handles. The round nose knives with inserts are also called "flying knives", which are mainly used for large-area rough and horizontal smooth knives. Commonly used are ED30R5, ED25R5, ED16R0.8, ED12R0.8 and ED12R0.4. For the roughing of the flying knife, choose a big knife as much as possible. When processing a deeper area, the length of the knife is first installed to cut the shallower area, and then the longer is installed to process the deeper area to improve efficiency and not cut.
(3) Ball knife
Ball knives are also called R knives, which are mainly used for light knives and light knives in curved surfaces. Commonly used ball knives are BD16R8, BD12R6, BD10R5, BD8R4, BD6R3, BD5R2.5 (usually used for processing runners), BD4R2, BD3R1.5, BD2R1, BD1.5R0.75 and BD1R0.5. B is the first letter of BallMill.
Under normal circumstances, it is necessary to determine the tool used for finishing by measuring the inner circle radius of the processed figure, and try to choose a large knife light knife and a small knife compensation tool for processing.
2. Tool material
In metal cutting, the tool material is the cutting part, which has to withstand great cutting force and impact, and is subject to intense friction from the workpiece and chips, resulting in high cutting temperatures. The cutting performance must have the following aspects.
(1) High hardness: above HRC62, at least higher than the hardness of the processed material.
(2) High wear resistance: Under normal circumstances, the harder the material, the more carbon in the structure, the finer the particles, and the more uniform the distribution, the higher the wear resistance.
(3) Sufficient strength and toughness.
(4) High heat resistance.
(5) Good thermal conductivity.
(6) Good manufacturability and economy.
In order to meet the above requirements, current CNC tools are generally made of the following materials:
(1) High-speed steel, such as WMoAl series.
(2) Cemented carbide, such as YG3, etc.
(3) New cemented carbide, such as YG6A.
(4) Coated tools, such as TiC, TiN, Al2O3.
(5) Ceramic knives. It can still withstand higher cutting speeds at high temperatures.
(6) Superhard tool materials.
3. Selection of tools
Nowadays, most of the cutting tools are commercialized and standardized. When purchasing, you should ask for the tool company's specification atlas. Combining with the processing conditions of our factory, choose the tools with high durability to ensure the best economic benefits. If the products of our factory have not changed much, the types of tools should be as few and precise as possible.
